![]() ![]() On-premises requires the highest level of management and the greatest capital expenses but could be the most cost efficient in the long term. These factors will influence whether you build on premises or off premises. There are a variety of factors you will need to consider, such as application portability, data portability, security, and compliance. These are all “as a service” models-part of a broader trend of “Everything as a Service” or “XaaS.” The type of service you choose depends on your available infrastructure, IT staff resources, cost considerations, and cloud security needs.įirst, you’ll need to assess the best way to support your application or workload. Today, one of the most important parts of your cloud strategy is choosing the right cloud service models for your organization.Īs you explore your options, you’ll see choices like IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, and similar terms. Finally, discrepancies in the reported grade levels for schools were found on the state data reporting site.Cloud computing has become an essential part of enterprise technology, helping you deliver applications and IT as a Service (ITaaS) to your end users with ease and efficiency. This is a matter of interest due to the fact that the SAS Institute claims that the tests utilized by their model must be able to measure the performance of students at the lowest and highest ends of the achievement spectrum, begging the question of whether it is even possible for the PVAAS model to accurately determine student growth. The literature review also revealed that the Data Recognition Corporation (DRC), the company that designs the standardized tests from which the data utilized in the PVAAS statistical model is derived, has warned that scores at the maximum and the minimum end of the scale may not be accurate due to the design of their test. The literature review surfaced concerns regarding how the average NCE scores are treated in the PVAAS statistical model, as certain treatment of these scores could potentially force invalid results. Additionally, teachers indicated that they believe important decisions such as changes to instructional practices and scheduling are made based on PVAAS AGI, even though teachers do not understand how it is calculated or trust the validity of PVAAS AGI scores. ![]() Teacher morale was significantly negatively impacted by the inclusion of PVAAS AGI scores in the Classroom Rating Tool, the Pennsylvania mandated rubric utilized to measure teacher effectiveness. The demographic variables analyzed did not impact PVAAS AGI scores for schools. ![]() Results of this study indicated that the mean gains for PVAAS AGI scores significantly decreased from 2013 to 2016 for all schools, regardless of achievement level, in both mathematics and English language arts. A Likert scale survey of twenty PVAAS eligible teachers of mathematics and English language arts employed in two middle schools serving grades six through eight in the same district yielded information regarding teacher perceptions. The PVAAS AGI scores, average Normal Curve Equivalent (NCE) scores, and demographic data from 260 Pennsylvania middle schools serving grades six through eight were utilized to determine the extent to which PVAAS AGI scores assigned to a school change statistically over time and if there is a relationship between the PVAAS AGI in mathematics or English language arts for each school and the percentage of economically disadvantaged, learning disabled, English language learners, and minorities attending the school. The research also sought to determine if teacher perceptions indicate that the validity and reliability of the PVAAS AGI score included in the Classroom Rating Tool is important. The purpose of this research was to determine if the Pennsylvania Value-Added Assessment System Average Growth Index (PVAAS AGI) scores, derived from standardized tests and calculated for Pennsylvania schools, provide a valid and reliable assessment of teacher effectiveness, as these scores are currently used to derive 15% of the annual effectiveness rating assigned to PVAAS eligible mathematics and English language arts teachers. ![]()
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